Longitudinal changes in circulating biomarkers from baseline to week 48 in treatment-Naïve people living with HIV initiating integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy

All INSTI-based regimens led to immune restoration, but modest differences in biomarker trajectories suggest distinct immunomodulatory effects. The clinical relevance of these differences remains unclear and warrants further study to assess their role in long-term comorbidity risk.