Health-related quality of life and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation and the whole spectrum of heart failure: Insights from the HEart failuRe ObsErvational Study (HEROES)

HRQoL was higher in patients with AF and HF compared to those without AF. A lower HRQoL score is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in HF patients, particularly in those without AF (HFpEF and HFrEF subgroups), although associations varied by HF subtype and AF status.