Appearance- and Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Substances Use Among Adolescents: Physician Reports

APEDS use among adolescents may result in adverse events, including effects on the renal and gastrointestinal systems, requiring ongoing medical monitoring from pediatricians. Cisgender boys and early- to mid-adolescents may be at particularly high risk for adverse events, as well as users of dietary supplements. Knowledge and screening practices were low among participants. These findings underscore the need for increased training and education on APEDS use for pediatricians in Canada.