Health System Gaps Influencing Early Detection and Treatment of HIV/AIDS in Semi-Urban Communities in Nigeria

This study examined health system gaps influencing early detection and treatment of HIV/AIDS in semi-urban communities in Nigeria, focusing on the availability and accessibility of HIV/AIDS testing services, infrastructural and logistical challenges, and the effectiveness of health information systems. Guided by Systems Theory, the study employed a descriptive survey design and multistage sampling. Five high-prevalence states: Benue, Lagos, Taraba, Akwa Ibom, and Imo were purposively selected, with two semi-urban LGAs drawn from each, totalling 12 LGAs. Systematic sampling identified households, and one adult (18+) per household completed the questionnaire. Of 720 electronically distributed questionnaires, 657 were returned. Data were collected between November and December 2025 using a closed-ended instrument and analysed in SPSS v.26 using frequencies and simple percentages. Findings revealed that HIV/AIDS testing in semi-urban areas is inadequate, costly, and difficult to access, with long waiting times and unfriendly staff. Infrastructural gaps, such as shortages of equipment, skilled personnel, and reliable power, delay diagnosis. Logistical barriers such as poor roads, weak transport systems, slow laboratory processes, and ineffective mobile clinics further hinder timely testing. Inefficient health information systems also contribute to delays and missed diagnoses. The study concludes that multiple health system challenges undermine early HIV/AIDS detection in semi-urban Nigeria and recommends improved funding, staffing, infrastructure, service delivery, transport networks, and stronger information systems to support timely diagnosis and care.