Olfactory bulb volume changes following olfactory training in normosmic individuals.

In normosmic individuals, OBV increased after both standard and extended OT, with no differences between training methods. The volume increase was evident at three-month assessment and persisted at one-year follow-up, indicating that neuroplastic changes induced by OT occur rapidly and may extend beyond the duration of the training itself, an effect not previously reported. However, the OBV changes were not accompanied by improve-ments in olfactory function.