Reproductive Risk in India: Lab Evaluation of Prenatal Screening And IVF-Linked Diagnostics

Infertility is a rising public health issue in India, yet diagnostic practices remain unevenly standardized.This study presents a laboratory-based evaluation of five case studies involving four key diagnostic tools in fertility and prenatal care: Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) testing, Double Marker, Quad Marker, and Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT).Using original patient data from an assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinic, the study assessed procedures, interpreted results, and evaluated clinical utility.ANA testing suggested a link between autoimmunity and IVF failure, highlighting the role of immunological factors in implantation.The Double and Quad Marker tests proved to be cost-effective options for early aneuploidy screening but showed moderate specificity.In contrast, NIPT demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for detecting trisomy, especially when fetal fraction exceeded 4%, making it a reliable tool for prenatal risk assessment.Despite their clinical value, these diagnostics are underutilized due to high costs, limited awareness, and inconsistent regulations.The findings underscore disparities in access and the need for standardized protocols and policy support to improve reproductive healthcare in India.In this case-series, ANA positivity was generally linked with IVF failure, while Double and Quad Marker results remained consistently low-risk.NIPT findings confirmed high reliability when fetal fraction exceeded 4%, demonstrating how these diagnostics function in real-world Indian IVF settings.