Market access constraints and value chain gaps influencing goat meat production potential in smallholder systems: a case study from Tanzania

Introduction This study investigated the constraints hindering smallholder goat farmers in Misungwi District, Mwanza, Tanzania, from accessing reliable market information and effectively participating in the goat value chain. Methods Using a mixed-methods approach, the study involved 63 participants (50 farmers, 6 traders, and 7 key stakeholders) and employed structured surveys, semi-structured interviews, and participatory rural appraisal techniques. Results The findings revealed that the goat value chain is largely informal and fragmented, with minimal coordination among actors. Farmers face challenges including inadequate extension services, weak bargaining power, poor infrastructure, dependence on intermediaries, and informal marketing channels. Seasonal price fluctuations and limited access to timely market information further undermine income stability. Despite these constraints, the majority of farmers (86%–88%) expressed strong interest in farm management training, commercial production, and marketing, indicating a strong willing ness to transition toward more market-oriented systems. Discussion The study recommends strengthening extension service delivery, promoting cooperative structures, improving institutional linkages, and implementing targeted capacity-building programs. These strategies are essential to improving commercialization, income generation, and rural livelihoods among smallholder goat farmers in Tanzania.