Enhancing Disaster Risk Management in Educational Institutions: A Comprehensive Review of Strategies, Challenges, and Best Practices

This scoping review synthesizes literature on disaster risk management (DRM) in educational settings, highlighting the critical role of schools and universities in fostering community resilience and ensuring continuous education. This aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goals 4 and 11. The review identifies key strategies for DRM, including infrastructure protection, disaster education and training, planning, policy development, and emergency preparedness. These measures help safeguard educational infrastructure and lives, creating resilient learning environments. However, challenges persist, such as insufficient evaluation of Disaster Risk Reduction Education programs, socio-economic disparities, governance and resource limitations, and infrastructure vulnerabilities. These obstacles hinder DRM implementation and progress towards SDG 13 by limiting adaptive capacities. On the other hand, best practices emphasize the integration of DRR education, investment in resilient infrastructure, community-led initiatives, safety frameworks, and collaboration among educational institutions, local governments, and emergency services. These strategies advocate for a holistic DRM approach, strengthening institutional capabilities and promoting effective disaster governance, in line with SDG 16. By addressing challenges and adopting best practices, educational institutions can enhance their protective role, becoming powerful catalysts for societal resilience and sustainable development. This review aims to inform policy, refine practice, and guide future research toward building resilient educational ecosystems globally.