Changes in the Epidemiology of Pneumonia in Children Younger than 14 Years Old During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico, a National Multicenter Study

Pediatric pneumonia epidemiology shifted from a predominantly viral profile during the pandemic to increased bacterial detections and virus-bacteria co-infections post-pandemic, alongside re-emergence of typical RSV and influenza seasonality. Higher mean age and rhinovirus as the most frequent pathogen persist after the pandemic. Sustained molecular surveillance and reinforced vaccination programs remain essential in the post-pandemic era.