Exploring the multifaceted influencers on intrinsic capacity among community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review

In the context of healthy ageing, older adults living in communities, as a high-risk group for declining intrinsic capacities, have received widespread attention. However, the existing literature on the factors influencing the decline in intrinsic capacities among this group is fragmented, and comprehensive reviews are lacking. A scoping review was conducted from July to August 2025. Firstly, one researcher, with the assistance of two librarians, developed a search strategy and systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase databases. The search period was limited to the period from the establishment of the databases until August 7, 2025. Then, two researchers independently screened and included the literature, extracted key information, and discussed any discrepancies with the involvement of another two researchers. The entire research process strictly followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews framework to ensure the research quality. This study included a total of 25 articles published between 2019 and 2025, mainly from China. The intrinsic capacities of community-dwelling older adults were found to be influenced by five major factors: personal characteristics, social environmental factors, lifestyle patterns, health and functional status, physiological and metabolic indicators. This review establishes that the intrinsic capabilities of community-dwelling older adults are shaped by the complex interplay of factors across five key dimensions. Sustaining intrinsic capabilities requires a holistic approach that translates evidence on its multidimensional determinants into comprehensive strategies for empowering older adults, thereby optimising.