A clinical update on ulcerative colitis for primary care

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by mucosal inflammation of the colon and rectum. Symptoms such as bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fecal urgency significantly affect patient quality of life. Early recognition of UC is critical to facilitate specialist referral and initiate management. Recent advances in the therapeutic landscape include the introduction of novel biologic agents, small molecules, and biosimilars, which have expanded access to effective and affordable treatment options. Clinicians must remain informed of updates and indications for both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions, as treatment selection is based on disease severity, location, and individualized patient needs. Adjunctive therapies also play a role in comprehensive care and health maintenance. Optimizing therapy is essential for inducing and maintaining remission, promoting mucosal healing, and preventing disease progression. A multidisciplinary approach, involving primary care clinicians, gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, dietitians, and mental health professionals, is essential for delivering individualized care and improving long-term outcomes.