Accounting for Negative (Refundable, Reverse) Excise Taxes by a Damping Mechanism and Approaches to Disclosing Information about Them Using the Example of Russian Oil Companies

The purpose of the work is to study the methodological features of accounting for negative excise taxes using a damping mechanism, as well as to summarize approaches to disclosing information about them in individual and consolidated financial statements of Russian oil companies. It has been established that the negative excise tax as an element of the damping mechanism is a «budget subsidy» (in the economic sense), a tool to support oil refineries. At the same time, the negative excise tax as a financial support tool is compensatory (aimed at compensating for lost income) and investment (aimed at stimulating investment activity and improving the efficiency of domestic production of petroleum products). Three approaches to accounting for negative excise tax are described, a scheme for its accounting in accounting accounts is presented, and explanations regarding the applicability of Russian accounting standards are given. It is concluded that from the point of view of the principle of priority of economic content over the legal form, negative excise tax should be recognized as income (revenue).