Immediate spermatogenesis assessment after testicular tissue retrieval for azoospermic males using touch print smear

TPS allows rapid identification of post-meiotic germ cells with excellent concordance in OA and provides clinically relevant information in NOA. Patients in whom TPS demonstrates post-meiotic germ cells have a high likelihood of sperm retrieval, whereas their absence on TPS indicates lower retrieval success, in which case histopathology remains a useful backup.