Challenges and problems of HVAC in shopping centers

Shopping centers are highly complex structures when it comes to the design and implementation of HVAC systems. This complexity is due to the fact that the exact function and size of individual retail units are not known in advance and must be estimated. Since these spaces are exclusively leased, it is standard practice that the shopping center owner invests in the common areas, while tenants are responsible for the design and installation of the leased premises. This arrangement impacts the precise determination of heat flux, comfort zones, and energy efficiency.