Single-cell analysis reveals immune remodeling of monocytes, NK cells, T cell exhaustion, and Galectin-9–associated depletion of gamma delta and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in Long COVID with ME/CFS

Our results reveal extensive peripheral immune remodeling in LC-ME/CFS, distinct from idiopathic ME/CFS, and support a model of chronic immune activation and dysregulation. Our findings offer a cellular framework for understanding LC pathogenesis and point to potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for intervention.