Fluorescence-guided surgery combined with intraoperative photodynamic therapy for recurrent atypical and anaplastic intracranial meningiomas: a prospective feasibility study

The integrated FGS and PDT protocol is feasible, safe, and demonstrates compelling preliminary efficacy for recurrent atypical and anaplastic meningiomas. It enhances resection and induces profound cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in the residual tumor bed and peritumoral zone. These results need to be further validated in larger, randomized controlled trials.