Formalización Minera: Una Herramienta para Combatir la Ilegalidad y Promover el Desarrollo hacia la Minería Sostenible

The illicit extraction of mining deposits in Colombia is an uncontrolled scourge that is increasing, generating socio-environmental impacts. The objective of this research is to present mining formalization as a tool to combat it and promote sustainable development. A qualitative methodology was used based on the review of scientific and academic literature, as well as Colombian legislation on the matter. It was found that the illicit extraction of minerals generates serious environmental, social, and economic consequences, perpetuating circles of violence, environmental degradation, and loss of state resources. Mining formalization, on the other hand, drives economic growth and environmental protection. Successful cases of formalization in the country that have contributed to the economic development of communities were identified. It was concluded that mining formalization is a key tool to combat illegality, promote sustainable development, and harness mineral wealth responsibly. The need to simplify procedures, provide technical and financial assistance, strengthen oversight, promote dialogue with miners for effective formalization, and the importance of continuing research studies that allow evaluating the effectiveness of formalization processes were highlighted.