Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2024-2025

Abstract This review summarises developments published in the period from mid-2024 to mid-2025 on the quantitative and qualitative determination of mycotoxins in various matrices. Important developments in all aspects of mycotoxin analysis, from sampling and quality assurance/quality control of analytical results, to the various detection and quantitation technologies ranging from biosensors to comprehensive instrumental methods are presented and discussed. This non-exhaustive summary and associated discussion covers such technology as chromatography coupled to (high resolution) mass spectrometry, detection other than mass spectrometry such as ultraviolet or fluorescence detection, biosensors, assays using alternatives to antibodies, as well as methods using predictive modelling and incorporating machine learning. This collaborative critical review intends to guide readers to relevant research by briefly presenting the most important developments in mycotoxin determination published in the past year. This review also relays limitations of the presented methodologies, in order to provide a fulsome assessment of the analytical developments.