Causes and methods of preventing cytokine storm in immuno-oncology

Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response that can occur when using immunotherapy in oncology, especially in the case of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and other methods that enhance immune activity. The main causes of cytokine storm are hyperactivation of the immune system associated with excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, which can lead to severe systemic inflammatory reactions and organ damage. Among the methods of preventing cytokine storm, careful selection and monitoring of therapy, the use of immunomodulators, as well as the development of biomarker­s to predict the risk of its occurrence are distinguished. The use of combined therapeutic approaches, as well as monitoring the condition of patients and prompt response to early signs of an inflammatory reaction are key strategies in reducing the risk of developing a cytokine storm in immuno-oncology.