Effectiveness of Technology-Assisted Nurse-Led Cognitive Interventions on Cognitive Function in Older Adultswith Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of technology-assisted nurse-led cognitive (TNC) in improving cognitive function among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Material and Methods: A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed across five electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and ProQuest) from inception to December 31, 2024. Primary outcomes included cognitive outcomes of older adults with MCI. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 1 (ROB1) was used. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95.0% confidence intervals (CIs) were synthesized using RevMan version 5.40 to calculate pooled effect sizes. Results: Eight eligible studies comprising 2,574 participants were included. The findings demonstrated that TNC interventions led to modest improvements in cognitive function compared to standard care (SMD=0.23, 95.0% CI (0.06, 0.40), p-value=0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed that combined TNC interventions showed greater efficacy (SMD=0.31, 95.0% CI (0.09, 0.54), p-value=0.01). In contrast, single TNC interventions did not yield any significant effect (SMD=0.32, 95.0% CI (-0.05, 0.70), p-value=0.09). In terms of cognitive outcomes, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in both studied subgroups showed no significant difference.Conclusion: These results highlight the potential of combined TNC interventions to promote cognitive function among older adults with MCI. However, further combined TNC studies are essential to examine the effectiveness of these interventions in improving cognitive outcomes among older adults with MCI.