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Since computers were invented, the technology of computers has advanced every year. Recently, quantum computing and artificial intelligence have played an important role in computer technology, which has provided an effective platform to address challenges such as climate change and carbon emissions. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate how the integration of quantum computing and artificial intelligence can transform climate science, with an emphasis on predicting and managing carbon emissions. In this paper, we started with introduction about climate change and technology in combating environmental problems. Then, we moved on to an introduction to quantum computing and its basics. During our research, the benefits of quantum computing over classical systems have been identified with specific reference to climate modeling and handling large data sets. We explained the role of artificial intelligence in climate science with existing AI methods in climate modeling and the gaps that they have. We evaluated the combination of quantum computing and AI to reveal the possibility of future advancements in processing time, prediction, and efficiency. We brought up some AI concerns about its policy-making capacity and carbon altering the conventional approaches to decision-making to foster sustainability. Moreover, our work is supported by real-life examples and cases of how quantum AI is superior to traditional models in estimating carbon emissions. Finally, we specified some future directions for quantum AI, including technological developments, ethical issues, and sustainability, as well as suggestions for researchers and policymakers on how to use quantum AI for solving environmental problems.