Bacopa monnieri as a Potential Natural Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for Neurodegenerative Disease Management

Neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), present major global health challenges due to their progressive pathology and limited therapeutic interventions.Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are commonly prescribed to mitigate cognitive decline; however, their long-term efficacy is hindered by adverse effects and diminishing potency. Bacopa monnieri, an Ayurvedic medicinal herb from the Scrophulariaceae family, has gained attention for its neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.Recent in silico and in vitro studies indicate that bacopaside X, a key phytoconstituent of Bacopa monnieri, exhibits significant AChE inhibitory activity, enhancing cognitive function and neuronal protection. This review systematically examines molecular docking analyses, biochemical investigations and preclinical data to assess the potential of Bacopa monnieri as a natural alternative for managing neurodegenerative diseases.