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Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common mental health issues occurring in women after childbirth, and it impacts the health of the mother and the infant. While numerous psychosocial and hormonal factors are linked to PPD, the possible impacts of anaesthetic exposure during childbirth remain significantly underexamined. This study aims to investigate the association between the risk of postpartum depression and the use of general anaesthesia versus regional anaesthesia in women who are undergoing caesarean and vaginal deliveries. In carrying out this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis design was adopted. The eight studies published from 2020 to 2025 included in this review were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Dimensions. Of the eight studies, five focused on the caesarean delivery and three on the vaginal delivery. All the eight included studies were included in the meta-analysis and by employing a random effects model, the pooled event rates in terms of anesthesia type and the development of postpartum depression (PPD) were computed. Based on the findings of this study, the pooled event rate for postpartum depression across all studies was found to be 5.3% (95% CI: 0.020 to 0.130), indicating a small but notable risk of PPD associated with anesthesia exposure. However, analyses revealed extremely high heterogeneity (I² = 100%), suggesting that results should be interpreted with caution. When compared to vaginal deliveries, a higher incidence of PPD cases was observed in Caesarean deliveries compared to vaginal deliveries and PPD was found to be more prevalent among women who had General Anaesthesia (GA) during their Caesarean deliveries as opposed to those who had Regional Anaesthesia (RA), where event rates were recorded as 12% for GA and 6.2% for RA. According to the studies on Caesarean delivery, although there may be risk factors associated with postpartum depression in each study (such as maternal mental health history and sociodemographic variables), the variability in data indicates that additional risk factors related to postpartum depression are likely present in populations undergoing Caesarean deliveries. The findings of the study indicate that the type of anaesthesia used during delivery influences the development of PPD. However, further research is essential to establish appropriate guidelines for anaesthetists, ensuring necessary precautions during childbirth are ensured to help mitigate the risk of developing PPD.