The balance of humus in the cultivation of crops on the developed lands of the Non-Chernozem region, depending on the fertilizer system and methods of their sealing

The research was carried out in 2015-2024 on reclaimed sod-podzolic soils in 2 rotations of a 5-phase full-shift grain crop rotation with alternating crops: 1 – narrow-leaved lupine for seeds, 2 – corn for silage, 3 – winter wheat, 4 – spring rapeseed for seeds, 5 – barley for grain forage. It has been established that the balance of humus in the arable layer of cultivated lands depends more on the fertilizer system than on the plant residues of cultivated crops in crop rotation and methods of their disposal. The cultivation of planned crops with the application of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers increases the humus deficit over a 10-year period to -8.1 t/ha with minimal processing and to -0.6 t/ha according to the background of dump plowing. It has been proven that only the systematic use of organic waste from pig farms in environmentally safe doses from the background of crushed residues of by-products of cultivated crops ensures extended reproduction of humus with all methods of their sealing: +14.7...+29.4 t/ha from the disposal of liquid wastewater and +40.6...+62.4 t/ha with the introduction of a solid fraction of manure. Among crop rotation crops, the greatest balance of humus is provided by corn, spring rape and barley, which are effective natural meliorants with a powerfully developed root system, after which the agrophysical, agrochemical and biological properties of the cultivated lands improve.