Development and Behavioral Evaluation of the “Wind Recipe” for Promoting Natural Ventilation in Apartment Dwellings with Intermediate Areas

Abstract Natural ventilation has gained attention as a sustainable strategy for improving both energy efficiency and thermal comfort. Intermediate areas connecting indoor and outdoor spaces support airflow but require residents to actively operate openings, which can be challenging. This study proposes a “Wind Recipe,” a behavioral guideline to promote natural ventilation in apartment units with intermediate areas. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to calculate wind pressure coefficients and assess ventilation potential. Based on these results, opening/closing patterns were designed and validated through CO 2 step-down testing and residential comfort evaluations focusing on posture and location. A flow diagram and case table were developed and provided to residents. Behavioral surveys conducted before and after implementation showed increased awareness, more intentional fitting operation, and improved understanding of ventilation. The Wind Recipe proved to be an effective behavioral nudge, offering a practical method for integrating adaptive comfort strategies into daily life.