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This dataset contains geometric morphometric landmark coordinates and cross-sectional geometry measurements performed on µCT images of mouse hemimandibles from 24 individuals distributed across three experimental groups: ColdDry, ColdWet, and WarmDry. The WarmDry group was reared at 26 °C and fed standard hard pellets. The ColdDry group was reared at 10 °C and fed the same hard pellets. The ColdWet group was reared at 10 °C and fed pellets that were moistened in water for five minutes prior to feeding. Food intake differed among the experimental groups. Mice reared at 10 °C consumed approximately twice as much food as those reared at 26 °C. Additionally, within the cold-reared groups, individuals in the ColdWet group consumed more food than those in the ColdDry group. Landmark coordinates - 12 fixed landmarks (ld 1 to 8, 17, 31, 32 and 41) and 35 sliding semilandmarks (ld 9 to 16, 18 to 30 and 33 to 40) - were collected separately for left and right hemimandibles and are provided as CSV files. A description of the landmark coordinates can be found in ld_description.pdf. Cross-sectional geometric properties were derived from transverse slices at four anatomical regions of the mandible: diastema, anterior molar region, intermediate molar region, and posterior molar region. The cross-sectional variables include the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) and the relative amount of cortical bone area (CA/TA × 100). Measurements are provided separately for left and right hemimandibles. Due to specimen quality landmark coordinates are available for 22 right and 23 left hemimandibles, while cross-sectional geometry measurements are available for all 24 individuals per side. Coord_right.csv: the landmark coordinates of 22 mice right hemimandibles. Coord_left.csv: the landmark coordinates of 23 mice left hemimandibles. ImaxImin_allslices_left.xlsx: the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) of 24 mice left hemimandibles at 4 different anatomical locations (diastema, anterior molar region, intermediate molar region and posterior molar region). ImaxImin_allslices_right.xlsx: the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) of 24 mice right hemimandibles at 4 different anatomical locations (diastema, anterior molar region, intermediate molar region and posterior molar region). M1d_left.xlsx: the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) and relative amount of cortical bone (CA/TA × 100) of 24 mice left hemimandibles at the molar intermediate region. M1d_right.xlsx: the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) and relative amount of cortical bone (CA/TA × 100) of 24 mice right hemimandibles at the molar intermediate region. M1m_left.xlsx: the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) and relative amount of cortical bone (CA/TA × 100) of 24 mice left hemimandibles at the molar anterior region. M1m_right.xlsx: the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) and relative amount of cortical bone (CA/TA × 100) of 24 mice right hemimandibles at the molar anterior region. M2m_left.xlsx: the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) and relative amount of cortical bone (CA/TA × 100) of 24 mice left hemimandibles at the molar posterior region. M2m_right.xlsx: the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) and relative amount of cortical bone (CA/TA × 100) of 24 mice right hemimandibles at the molar posterior region. CATA_allslices_left.xlsx: the relative amount of cortical bone (CA/TA × 100) of 24 mice left hemimandibles at 4 different anatomical locations (diastema, anterior molar region, intermediate molar region and posterior molar region). CATA_allslices_right.xlsx: the relative amount of cortical bone (CA/TA × 100) of 24 mice right hemimandibles at 4 different anatomical locations (diastema, anterior molar region, intermediate molar region and posterior molar region). diastema_left.xlsx: the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) and relative amount of cortical bone (CA/TA × 100) of 24 mice left hemimandibles at the diastema. diastema_right.xlsx: the bending index (Imin/Imax × 1000) and relative amount of cortical bone (CA/TA × 100) of 24 mice right hemimandibles at the diastema. ld_description.pdf: description of fixed and sliding semilandmarks used in the geometric morphometrics analyses This work received financial support from the French government in the framework of the University of Bordeaux's IdEx "Investments for the Future" program / GPR "Human Past" and from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, Award Number P30 AR069620. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Research reported in this publication was also supported by NSF BCS-1638553 to MD. The micro-CT core at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry is funded in part by NIH/NCRR S10RR026475-01 and NIH P30 AR069620.