Analysis of Workplace Behavior and Well-being in the Activity-Based Working Office with Various Environments at Architectural Firms

Abstract The advancement of digital and communication technologies has enabled flexible work styles, leading to the rise of Activity-Based Working (ABW) offices, where employees select their workspace based on task needs. These offices provide diverse environments to support various activities, and allowing workers to choose their preferred space is expected to enhance well-being. In this study, a workplace with multiple environments was designed, and a recommendation system was developed to suggest suitable workplaces for employees. To inform the recommendation logic, a survey was conducted involving 100 workers over one week. Participants responded hourly to questionnaires via smartphones, providing data on work content, satisfaction, and location. Results show that time usage varied by position, suggesting different workplace needs among groups. Interestingly, unexpected events correlated with higher satisfaction, and those engaging more with colleagues reported greater workplace productivity (WPP) and Well-being at workplace. These findings imply that interpersonal interaction and variety in daily routine enhance engagement and well-being. The recommendation system is currently being refined based on these insights to better support workers’ preferences and improve overall work experience in ABW environments.