Research on crowd evacuation guidance based on bat algorithm-guided social force model

To address inefficiency and safety risks in urban crowd evacuations, this study integrates the Bat Algorithm (BA) and Social Force Model (SFM) into a multi-modal guidance system. Using Kunming South Station as a test scenario, the method reduced evacuation time by 55 seconds versus ACO and cut conflicts to 40.4% of Dijkstra’s results, demonstrating superior path optimization and crowd flow distribution for safer, more efficient evacuations.