Correlación de Calcificaciones Mamarias Valoradas por Mastografía, Marcadas por Arpón y Resultados Histopatológicos en Mujeres Mayores de 30 Años en el Hospital General Regional 58. IMSS, León Guanajuato en el Periodo Enero de 2021 – Marzo de 2024

Background. Breast calcifications are a common finding on mammography and may indicate breast pathology, including breast cancer. Wire-guided biopsy is a standard method for the histological diagnosis of calcifications suspicious for malignancy. However, the relationship between calcification characteristics and histopathological outcomes has not been well established in our population. Objective. To identify the correlation between mammographically evaluated breast calcifications marked by wire localization and histopathological results in women over 30 years of age at Regional General Hospital No. 58, IMSS, León, Guanajuato, during the period from January 2021 to March 2024. Methodology. An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted using medical records of women over 30 years of age with breast calcifications requiring wire-guided biopsy at Regional General Hospital No. 58 of IMSS in León, Guanajuato, between January 2021 and March 2024. After protocol approval by the Research Ethics Committees, patient records meeting selection criteria were reviewed to obtain the following variables of interest: age, gynecological-obstetric history, mammographic characteristics of calcifications (morphology, distribution, BI-RADS category), total number of calcifications removed, and histopathological results (benign, malignant, specific histological type). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results. A total of 24 patients underwent wire-guided breast biopsy, with a mean age of 55 ± 9.7 years. BI-RADS classification was 4B in 58.3%, 4C in 29.2%, and category 5 in 12.5% of cases. Calcification morphology included coarse heterogeneous (8.3%), amorphous (37.5%), fine pleomorphic (37.5%), fine linear (12.5%), and fine linear branching (4.2%). Histopathological results were benign in 58.3% and malignant in 41.7% of cases. Among malignant findings, 20.8% corresponded to ductal carcinoma in situ, 8.3% to invasive ductal carcinoma, 4.2% to intraductal carcinoma with comedonecrosis, and 4.2% to residual carcinoma. No significant differences were found in age or imaging findings between patients with benign and malignant histopathological results. A trend toward a higher malignancy rate was observed in BI-RADS 5 lesions (100%) compared to BI-RADS 4B (35.7%) and 4C (28.6%) lesions (p = 0.086). No significant differences in malignancy rate were identified according to calcification morphology or distribution, nor were differences observed in malignant histopathological findings based on calcification characteristics. Conclusion. Significant correlations between wire-localized breast calcification characteristics and histopathological outcomes were not demonstrated; however, a trend toward higher malignancy rates was observed with increasing BI-RADS classification.