Pro-Inflammatory Response of Bovine Lung Explant Induced by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a significant respiratory disease in cattle caused by <i>Mycoplasma mycoides</i> subsp. <i>mycoides</i> (<i>Mmm</i>). A better understanding of the pathogenesis of CBPP and the immune response of the host to infection will assist in the development of novel interventions to prevent disease progression. In this study, bovine lung explants (BLEs) were exposed to <i>Mmm</i> to investigate the upregulation and release of early inflammatory cytokines, mediators and receptors following tissue infection. Immunomodulatory molecules indicative of cell activation were investigated by immunoblotting on the BLEs and the tissue culture supernatants, and quantitative real-time PCR (RTq-PCR) was performed on the BLEs to determine the fold change in the expression of the respective mRNA. Immunoblotting indicated the production of inflammatory cytokines, mediators and receptors in <i>Mmm</i>-infected BLEs; however, this contrasted strongly with the mRNA expression profile, which did not show any significant fold increase. Infection of the BLEs with <i>Mmm</i> stimulated the production of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including IL-1β, COX-2, 5-LOX and iNOS. Toll-like receptor proteins TLR2 and TLR4 were detected solely in the tissue culture supernatant of <i>Mmm</i>-infected BLEs. These receptors are considered to be involved in the recognition of <i>Mmm</i> by BLE tissue cells, thus triggering intracellular pathways that produce specific inflammatory cytokines and mediators, initiating the inflammatory response.