HERACLES: 8192-Way SIMD Programmable Scalable Fully-Homomorphic Encryption SoC for Privacy-Preserving Cloud Computing in Intel 3 CMOS

A fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) accelerator SoC fabricated in Intel 3 CMOS with single-cycle 8k polynomial arithmetic throughput using a massively-parallel 8192-way SIMD vector compute engine is presented. The programmable SoC employs a 3-tiered memory subsystem, optimized Cooley-Tukey NTT/iNTT butterflies and a 2D mesh NoC to support multiple FHE schemes and parameters, with measured compute engine throughput of 29.49 TOPs at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.75 \mathrm{V}, 1.2 \text{GHz}$</tex>, delivering up to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$5547 \times$</tex> higher FHE performance than generalpurpose CPUs.