New magnetosensitive nanostructured materials: current status and research prospects

The review analyzes and summarizes the results of research covering a wide range of topical issues in chemistry, physics, medicine (in particular oncology), photopharmacology, biology, and ecology. Examples of promising developments for practical use are considered, related to the chemical design of multi-level core-shell nanocomposites with the functions of medical and biological nanorobots. An example of a structural model of a nanocomposite is given, which includes four hierarchical levels, namely: core – a single-domain magnetite nanoparticle (1), shell – chemically modified surface of the core (2), immobilized biofunctionalized layer (3) and nanocapsule (4). A new generation of magnetic adsorbents with different surface properties for medical, technical, technological, and environmental applications has been developed and presented. New magnetic fluids based on physiological solution, containing magnetosensitive multifunctional nanocomposites with relevant antitumor drugs and antibodies have been developed. A nanotechnological basis has been developed for minimally invasive methods of photodynamic antitumor therapy and non-invasive controlled pharmacological effects of a given direction on biological cell systems, etc. The identified features of the developed magnetic fluids include the synergistic antitumor action of their active components and the overcoming of drug resistance in malignant cells and tumors. The example of MR based on physiological fluid, magnetite, and cisplatin shows that, according to general and biochemical blood indicators, it does not have a more toxic effect on the body compared to the official antitumor drug cisplatin in traditional use. X-ray luminescent nanostructures can be used in photodynamic antitumor therapy as part of magnetite-lanthanum fluoride nanocomposites for controlled targeted delivery of a photosensitive pharmacological drug and its fixation in the body, while those integrated into a bioactive ceramic medium can be used in bone surgery complicated by tumor processes. The promising prospects of new effective protective materials capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation in specified spectral ranges for use in electronics and combating electromagnetic smog are demonstrated, as well as the creation of coatings active in the infrared and ultra-high frequency ranges of the spectrum. Broadband absorption and transmission in this case are important factors determining the operational suitability of materials.