Trends in central precocious puberty incidence in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic

This multicenter study demonstrates a significant increase in CPP incidence among girls during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, with sustained elevation in the post-pandemic period. Although clinical characteristics remained largely unchanged, the consistently higher degree of overweight underscores the need to consider lifestyle and environmental factors that may have been exacerbated during the pandemic. Ongoing surveillance and reevaluation of CPP diagnostic criteria may be warranted to address emerging epidemiological trends.