Surgery alone achieves comparable survival to adjuvant therapy in T4aN0M0 gingival squamous cell carcinoma with clear surgical margins: A registry-based propensity-matched analysis

For patients with T4aN0M0 GSCC and clear surgical margins, adjuvant RT/CRT did not confer a survival advantage over surgery alone, suggesting limited benefit of routine adjuvant therapy in this setting. Prospective studies are needed to validate this finding and to refine evidence-based risk stratification models.