Predicting cardiovascular toxicity in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy: a risk factor analysis and model development

SIRI, ECOG, hypertension, diabetes, tumor metastasis, tumor stage, and sex were significant predictors of cardiovascular toxicity. ECOG was an independent risk factor, while tumor metastasis was an independent protective factor, after adjusting for other covariates. The nomogram showed good accuracy and discrimination, with clinical utility for predicting cardiovascular toxicity risk in patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.