Effects of LED Light Combinations on the Growth and Storage Stability of Ipomoea aquatica in a Plant Factory System

This study investigated how different LED spectral compositions affect seed germination, early growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and the postharvest quality and microbiological stability of <i>Ipomoea aquatica</i> Forsk. cultivated in a plant factory system, aiming to propose an integrated management strategy for stable year-round production. Five LED light treatments with varying red and blue light ratios (R10, R7B3, R5B5, R3B7, and B10) were applied during cultivation. After harvest, the plants were stored under low-temperature conditions using either carton box packaging or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to evaluate postharvest quality and microbial changes. Germination analysis indicated that red-dominant treatments (R10 and R7B3) significantly enhanced germination percentage, rate, and uniformity. These treatments also promoted greater plant height and fresh biomass accumulation during early growth while maintaining a higher maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (<i>Fv</i>/<i>Fm</i>), indicating improved photochemical efficiency. In contrast, blue-dominant treatments led to reduced growth performance and lower <i>Fv</i>/<i>Fm</i> values. Postharvest quality and microbiological stability were more significantly affected by the packaging method than by the LED light treatment. MAP effectively minimized fresh weight loss and inhibited the growth of aerobic bacteria, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, total coliforms, and yeast and mold during storage. Overall, the findings demonstrate that red-centered LED spectra are optimal for enhancing early growth and physiological stability of <i>I. aquatica</i>, while MAP is crucial for preserving postharvest quality and microbial safety. This study underscores the synergistic potential of combining LED spectral management during cultivation with optimized packaging strategies to achieve stable year-round production and extended shelf life of <i>I. aquatica</i> in controlled plant factory systems.