Impact of demographic and deprivation factors on paramedic-led pain management: a UK NHS service evaluation

Paramedic-led pain management is associated with a pain reduction in most cases; however, the magnitude of this reduction varies. Increased age, lower social deprivation and the male sex were associated with greater reported analgesic effectiveness. The reasoning for this is unclear. Further research to determine causality and inform practice in pre-hospital pain management are required before definitive conclusions can be drawn.