Effects of yoga interventions on Anti-Müllerian hormone, androgen levels, and metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is among the most prevalent endocrine disorders in women. Yoga has been suggested to affect hormonal and metabolic pathways, with implications for PCOS. To systematically review the effect of yoga on Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), androgen level, and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. The search was carried out in Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Trials, and Clinical Trials to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Females with confirmed diagnoses (Rotterdam criteria), undergone yoga intervention were included to explore its effects on AMH, androgen levels, and metabolic parameters. The Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias. Due to the limited number of included studies and data heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not performed; However, descriptive summaries of included studies are presented. Five publications were included; however, three were identified as linked reports from a single clinical trial. Consequently, the review represents data from 258 unique participants. Only one reported result for AMH level with a mean difference and (95% CI) of changes of -2.03 ng/mL (-4.08 to 0.02), testosterone level, -8.61 ng/dL (-21.80 to 4.58), LH level -7.10 mIU/mL (-12.26 to -1.93), FSH 0.08 mIU/mL (-1.52 to 1.36). Two studies showed a mean difference and (95% CI) of changes for FBG level -4.50 mg/dL (-6.61 to -2.39) and -4.90 mg/dL (-12.34 to 2.54). Three studies showed a low risk of bias, one study had a moderate risk, and one exhibited a high risk of bias. The present review suggests that yoga may influence AMH level, androgen level, and insulin levels in PCOS; the evidence is limited, but it is still recommended to have robust RCTs on the long-term effect of yoga on PCOS. The visual presentation of the current systematic review is presented in Fig. 3. PROSPERO Trial Registration number: ID: CRD42022342913 (10/07/2022).