Exploring measures of sustainability in the WHO Joint External Evaluation and the WOAH performance of veterinary services tools—A qualitative assessment of perceived usefulness and acceptability to one health and global health security experts

We recommend that future iterations of JEE and PVS incorporate a clear definition of sustainability and explicitly integrate sustainability metrics, aligned with the revised IHR, the One Health Joint Plan of Action, relevant SDG targets and national planning cycles. Tools must also reflect sectoral and contextual nuances and integrate long-term monitoring frameworks that promote domestic accountability. In the field of One Health and GHS, strengthening the sustainability components of these tools is essential to build equitable and resilient health systems globally.