Long-term survival and the critical role of competing risks in pneumoconiosis: a large-scale retrospective cohort study

Non-pneumoconiosis-related death constitutes a critical competing risk that substantially affects the long-term survival outcomes of patients with pneumoconiosis. The Fine-Gray model provides accurate risk stratification by correcting for potential overestimation bias. Clinical management strategies must shift from singular pulmonary care to comprehensive health management that addresses comorbidities to improve overall survival outcomes.