THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CREATING A SOIL-TILLING UNIT THAT PROVIDES SOIL TILLING WITH REDUCED SOIL EROSION

In the climatic conditions of the Saratov region, special attention is paid to tillage in fields with slopes that reduce surface runoff, which helps reduce soil erosion and increase moisture content and crop yield. A new design of a tillage unit (TU) that enables tillage by cutting sinusoidal water-retaining furrows is proposed for soil tillage. A description of the design of the new TU was presented. Analytical relationships allowing for the determination of its main design and technological parameters were established. Calculations of the design and technological parameters of the proposed TU were performed, allowing for their determination taking into account the working width. It was found that when reaching the maximum amplitude of the water-retaining furrow of 0.1 m and increasing the working width of the TU from 5 m to 20 m, it is necessary to increase the distance from the mounting point of the rotary table to the hinge point of the working element on the TU frame. The adjustment range should be between 0.12 m and 0.61 m, depending on the offset of the drawbar mount on the turntable relative to its center of rotation. In this case, the drawbar length will range from 2.5 m to 10.02 m. Increasing the tractor speed from 6 km/h to 12 km/h, which leads to an increase in the period from 0.01 m to 0.104 m, affects the sinusoidal period of the water-retaining furrow. This design will enable high-quality soil cultivation, increasing moisture reserves and preventing erosion, especially on sloping fields, thereby increasing crop yields.