SPAD arrays surpass limitations in conventional Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS): new prospects for mobility analysis of biomolecules

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) provides quantitative insights into the size, diffusion, interactions, and dynamics of biomolecules, however several limitation however limit its wider application of the technique. We evaluate enhanced FCS applications enabled by the integration of a SPAD array with single photon counting that extend the dynamic range and robustness against aberrations, thus simplifying experiments in complex biological environments. Additionally, taking the advantage of the spatially resolved information provided by the SPAD array, new aspects of the particle mobility can be revealed. Our results highlight the potential for SPAD arrays to both improve the easy-of-use of FCS experiments while enabling new insights into the dynamics of biomolecules.