Solvability Factors and Psychological Stressors in Cold Case Sexual Homicides: Insights from Investigators and Detectives

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to explore solvability factors and psychological stressors experienced by investigators and detectives who work on cold case sexual homicides. The study includes eight participants’ perspectives of conditions that influence case solvability and psychological challenges inherent in investigating unresolved sexual homicide cases. Guided by the resource-based theory, the research involved examining how investigative techniques, organizational support, and available resources contribute to the successful closure and clearance of cold cases. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using coding and thematic analysis. This involved understanding how resource and institutional constraints affect their ability to achieve resolution while managing occupational stress and emotional fatigue. The study also involved identifying internal and external factors that shape investigative persistence, decision-making, and overall case outcomes. Findings revealed key solvability factors, resource deficiencies, and psychological support needs that influenced the effectiveness of cold case investigations. These insights may inform practical recommendations to improve training, expand investigative tools, and implement structured support systems for investigators. Implications for social change include promotion of more efficient investigative frameworks, enhanced peer and organizational support mechanisms, and advancement of justice for victims and their families through improved resolution of cold case sexual homicides. By strengthening both investigative capacity and professional well-being, this study contributes to sustainable improvements in criminal justice practices and outcomes.