Effects of Topical Aloe vera Versus Nitrofurazone on Healing of Full-Thickness Skin Wounds: A Histopathological and Scar-Based Assessment

Background: Full-thickness cutaneous wounds are challenging to heal due to extensive tissue loss, prolonged inflammation, and risk of scarring. Aloe vera possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and tissue-regenerative properties, whereas Nitrofurazone is a commonly used topical antimicrobial agent. Comparative evidence between these agents in full-thickness wound healing remains limited. Methods: This controlled experimental study was conducted on 21 Wistar rats randomly allocated into three groups (n=7 each): Control (normal saline), Aloe vera gel, and 2% Nitrofurazone cream. A standardized 2×2 cm full-thickness excisional wound was created on the dorsum of each rat. Topical treatments were applied daily until healing. Macroscopic scar assessment (color, border contraction, and final appearance) was performed on days 7, 14, and 21 using standardized scoring systems. Histopathological evaluation on day 21 assessed fibroplasia, angiogenesis, inflammation, and epithelialization. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: Macroscopic scar parameters improved progressively in all groups, with no statistically significant intergroup differences (P > 0.05). Aloe vera-treated wounds showed earlier normalization of scar color and a trend toward better cosmetic outcomes. Histopathological analysis revealed significantly greater fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in both Aloe vera and Nitrofurazone groups compared with controls (P = 0.002). Angiogenesis was significantly higher in the Aloe vera group (P = 0.018). Inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelialization were comparable across groups by day 21. Conclusions: Both Aloe vera and Nitrofurazone enhanced full-thickness wound healing compared with controls. Aloe vera demonstrated superior angiogenic activity and favorable cosmetic trends, suggesting its potential advantage as a natural therapeutic agent for cutaneous wound repair.