Development of a shoulder muscle feedback controller for human body models

One limitation in the current study was the use of a submodel and a simplified experimental setup. In a braking or steering maneuver, head and torso inertia would introduce forces to the shoulder, instead of forces introduced in the elbow as in this study. Because these two scenarios are mechanically similar, a simplified approach was used instead, as this allowed for an experiment where the force magnitude and direction could be easily controlled. Hence, the developed shoulder muscle controller is ready to be implemented and evaluated in a full-body active FE-HBM exposed to driver maneuvers.