Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Pyridazinone Derivative in Modulating Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism

Persistent elevation of blood glucose resulting from inadequate insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both, defines diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic disorder of metabolism. Current oral hypoglycemic drugs have safety limitations and incomplete efficacy, highlighting the need for novel agents with multimodal actions. Pyridazinone derivatives possess cardioprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, but their antidiabetic potential remains underexplored. This study evaluated a pyridazinone derivative in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Animals were divided into five groups: normal control, diabetic control, glipizide (10 mg/kg), and pyridazinone (30 or 60 mg/kg) administered orally for 28 days. Key assessments included fasting glucose, serum insulin, HOMA indices, lipid profile, hepatic glycogen, enzyme activities, oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP), liver/kidney function, and histopathology. Pyridazinone significantly reduced hyperglycemia, improved insulin sensitivity, corrected dyslipidemia, restored hepatic metabolism, and enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses without organ toxicity. Histology confirmed protection of liver and pancreas. These findings support pyridazinone as a promising antidiabetic candidate.