Mental health disorders among people living with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy in Benin: the overlooked role of sleep quality

Moderate-or-worse depressive and anxiety symptoms are frequent among PLHIV in this setting, and sleep quality shows a robust independent association with both outcomes. Integrating routine mental-health and sleep screening with clear referral pathways within ART services is warranted; longitudinal and interventional studies should test whether improving sleep reduces symptoms and enhances ART outcomes.