Multi-sphere Observation Network and Climate Warming and Humidification Research on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau： Advances and Future Directions

The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau （QXP）， recognized as a global climate hotspot and sensitive indicator， profoundly influences regional and global climate and water cycles through complex multi-sphere interactions.This study presents comprehensive review of the current status and data resources of the Qinghai-Xizang’s multi-sphere observation network.Synthesizing multi-source observational data， it comprehensively reviews the key characteristics and mechanisms of the climate “warming and wetting” trend and its multi-sphere responses （atmosphere， cryosphere， hydrosphere， ecosystems）.Key findings reveal an accelerated warming rate， increased precipitation with distinct geographic variations， and subsequent chain reactions including thawing permafrost， melting glaciers， expanding lakes， enhanced vegetation growth， and increased extreme events.However， critical gaps persist in the current observation system， notably sparse coverage in the western Qinghai-Xizang， insufficient multi-sphere synergy， and imperfect data-sharing mechanisms.To address these challenges， future priorities should include expanding western Qinghai-Xizang's monitoring networks， promote low-cost automated instrumentation， enhance multi-source data fusion and model assimilation， and establish secure and standardized data-sharing platforms.This work advances our understanding of the Qinghai-Xizang's climate complexity and provides actionable insights for optimizing climate-environment monitoring systems.