Artificial comprehensive review on design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of chromone-based derivatives as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents

Chromone (4H-chromen-4-one) represents a privileged heterocyclic scaffold widely distributed in nature and synthetic compounds, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. The structural versatility of chromone nucleus allows strategic modifications at various positions to develop novel therapeutic agents. This comprehensive review consolidates recent advances in the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of chromone-based derivatives, with particular emphasis on sulfonamide-chromone conjugates, 2-aminochromone bis-triazole hybrids, and 3-substituted chromones. The synthetic methodologies discussed include Vilsmeier-Haack formylation, Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement, and copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry). Structure-activity relationship studies reveal that substitution patterns significantly influence antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potency. This review aims to guide medicinal chemists in rational design and development of chromone-based therapeutics.