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Recent advances in synthetic biology have raised concerns that the creation of bacteria composed completely of mirror-image biomolecules may be possible in the coming decades. Such “mirror bacteria” could pose an unprecedented biosecurity risk, as they are predicted to be highly virulent pathogens resulting from severe immune evasion. Pharmaceutical interventions, including antibiotics and vaccines, could likely provide some limited protection in the event of a mirror bacterial outbreak. Understanding the feasibility of specific pharmaceutical antimirror strategies may help inform the appropriate measures to confront the risks of mirror bacteria. Here, we experimentally evaluated the prospects of previously proposed antimirror antibiotic and vaccine strategies. First, we assessed the expected efficacy of existing antibiotics chloramphenicol, linezolid, tedizolid, and aztreonam against mirror bacteria by characterizing the antibacterial activities of their enantiomers against natural-chirality bacteria. We found that ent-chloramphenicol, ent-linezolid, ent-tedizolid, and ent-aztreonam exhibited minimal antibiotic activity, suggesting that their parent antibiotics would be ineffective against mirror bacterial infections. Second, to explore whether the enantiomers of existing antibiotics could be suitable as antimirror antibiotics, we evaluated the acute toxicities of ent-chloramphenicol, ent-linezolid, ent-tedizolid, and ent-aztreonam in mice, finding that these compounds have favorable acute toxicity profiles compatible with their continued development. Finally, we investigated D-peptide-based approaches to antimirror vaccines, finding that three bacterially-derived D-peptides induced robust D-peptide-specific antibody responses in mice when conjugated to a carrier protein and adjuvanted. Our results support previous suggestions that the enantiomers of existing antibiotics and D-peptide conjugate vaccines represent feasible pharmaceutical strategies against mirror bacterial infections.